Inside the isolated Mennonite community in Bolivia where 8 men were accused of raping more than a hu

Publish date: 2024-08-09
2023-01-24T15:00:00Z

The film, "Women Talking," which opened to a limited theatrical release on December 23 and to a wider release on January 6, was inspired by actual events that occurred at the Mennonite community of Manitoba Colony in Bolivia in 2009.

Kira Guloien, Dede Gardner, Liv McNeil, Kate Hallett, Sheila McCarthy, Rooney Mara, Sarah Polley, Claire Foy, Hildur Gudnagottir, Michelle McLeod, August Winter, Judith Ivey and Shayla Brown attend the Los Angeles premiere of "Women Talking" at Samuel Goldwyn Theater on November 17, 2022 in Beverly Hills, California. Michael Tullberg/FilmMagic/Getty Images

The Sarah Polley-directed drama "Women Talking" tells the story of women in an insular religious colony grappling with a series of sexual assaults that occurred within their Mennonite community. The film is up for Best Picture and and Polley is nominated for Best Adapted Screenplay at the 2023 Oscars.

The film, starring Rooney Mara, Claire Foy, and Frances McDormand, was adapted from the 2018 book of the same name by novelist Miriam Toews, whose fictional story was inspired by the actual events that transpired in the Mennonite community of Manitoba Colony in Bolivia.

In the novel, after a few men are arrested by police, the rest of the men of the colony leave for the city in order to secure their bail. While they are gone, the women gather to decide whether they should stay in the community and fight the men, leave the community, or do nothing.

Toews was also raised in a Mennonite town in Canada before leaving the ultraconservative religious colony when she turned 18, which helped inform her novel.

Source: NPR, BBC

The Mennonites of Manitoba Colony are a remote religious community of European descent living in Bolivia. They have strict, ultraconservative Christian beliefs and mostly eschew modernity in their practices to preserve their own traditions.

A Mennonite teenager holding colorful fabric to sew into a dress with an old fashioned sewing machine. Most women in Manitoba make their own clothing. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

More than 50 years ago, the Mennonites settled in eastern Bolivian farmlands from other colonies in Canada, Mexico, the US, and other countries. At least 60,000 Mennonites live in the country as of 2018.

The Manitoba Colony, located approximately 93 miles outside of Santa Cruz, Bolivia, is a roughly 2,000-person Mennonite community that largely operates away from the rest of the country.

Source: The Walrus, Burn Magazine, National Geographic

In 2009, a group of men were convicted of the rape and sexual assault of more than 100 women and girls in the colony.

Fresh mangoes and a traditional Mexican Mennonite hat sit on a table in a family's home in the Mennonite colony of Manitoba, Bolivia. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Among their religious beliefs, Mennonites are also pacifists who believe in non-violence.

Their ultraconservative ideologies in part fueled the silence of some women and girls, who were sedated with an anesthetic intended for cattle and livestock and sexually assaulted by a group of men in 2009.

"Due to their religious beliefs, they thought something bad, something evil was happening in the colony," Fredy Perez, the prosecutor for the district of Santa Cruz who investigated the crimes, told the BBC.

"In the morning, they had headaches… Women woke with semen on them, and wondered why they were without underwear," Perez continued. "And they didn't discuss it with neighbors in case someone said, 'That house has the devil in it.'"

But eventually, some women began to speak out, and one night in June 2009, a man was caught inside a home and held by other male members of the community. The young man implicated eight others in the assaults — all of whom were Mennonites within the Manitoba Colony, except for one.

Perez remembered a conversation he had with a police officer after the men of the colony reported them.

"He told me, 'Doctor, some Mennonites have brought men here who they're saying are rapists,'" Perez said. "The image we have of Mennonites in Bolivia is that they work from six in the morning until nine at night, they're very religious, and they don't dance or get drunk. So when I got that call from the officer, I just couldn't believe it."

In August 2011, seven were sentenced to 25 years in prison at Palmasola, a prison complex in Bolivia. An eighth man got 12 years for supplying the anesthetic drug and has since been granted conditional release.

Source: BBC, Time Magazine

Though the sexual assaults in 2009 rocked the community and marred its history, life has since seemingly returned to normal in the colony.

Mennonite women in traditional dresses in Bolivia, as seen in 1991. Bojan Brecelj/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images

Source: Burn Magazine

Mennonite children attend classes, where they study German, math, and religion.

Boys attend school from the ages 6 to 12 learning low German, numbers and the scriptures. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Members of the colony speak Low German, a dialect dating back to the 16th century.

Despite being situated in South America, women are discouraged from learning Spanish, while men learn the language for means of trade outside of the colony in Santa Cruz.

Source: The Walrus, BBC

Outside of classes, Mennonite children play in the farmlands of the colony.

Mennonite boys wearing overalls playing outside the school during a short break. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

They also help their parents with household chores and on the farm.

Mennonite children help their parents prepare for milking their cows in the Mennonite colony of Manitoba, Bolivia. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Mennonites in Bolivia largely reject modern conveniences and amenities, like cars and electricity.

A Mennonite family in a horse-drawn cart in Bolivia, as seen in 1991. Bojan Brecelj/CORBIS/Corbis via Getty Images

Some colonies make exceptions, for example, by using tractors to sow the fields. The conditions of permitted tractors differ from colony to colony, with some preferring to use older models with iron wheels, or refusing to use ones with rubber wheels unless they are going into the city.

Source: National Geographic

Women and girls wear their hair in traditional braids and don mid-length dresses.

Mennonite children take turns getting their hair braided by their mother, which they do once a week. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Their days, though simple in nature, are filled with intensive labor segregated by gender.

Mennonite teenagers milk their families' cows twice a day as part of the daily routine. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Women and girls are tasked with household tasks like cooking and cleaning.

A mother and son making cookies in preparation for Sunday lunch after church in the Mennonite colony of Manitoba, Bolivia. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Boys and young men join their fathers in the fields and factories.

Mennonites making cheese to sell to local shops in Bolivia. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Photography, however, is forbidden in nearly all colonies, only allowed if trust is earned by the person behind the camera.

Mennonite teenagers, afraid of the camera, hide their faces in their hands in the cheese factory, where Mennonites produce cheese and dairy for major Bolivian companies and local shops. Lisa Wiltse/Corbis via Getty Images

Over the course of a decade, photographer Jordi Busqué observed and captured the way of life of Mennonite colonies across Bolivia.

In a 2018 photo essay for National Geographic, Busqué likened the Mennonites' reaction to him taking out his camera as if he was pulling out a gun. He said he would help out in the fields to earn their trust, even once almost losing his hand and life in a tractor accident, in exchange for a few photos so not to disrupt their way of life.

Photographer Lisa Wiltse witnessed a similar reluctance from members of the Manitoban Colony when she visited in the aftermath of the 2009 assaults.

"The men she encountered were hospitable but wary, and the women were reluctant to pose for photographs; since many Manitobans blamed the rapes on external forces, they were even more distrustful of the outside world," according to a 2010 article published in Canadian magazine, The Walrus. "But their younger sisters and daughters were less cautious."

"By the end of her stay, girls who had once covered their faces at the sight of her camera confronted the lens, smiling communicatively even though they couldn't speak her language."

Source: National Geographic, The Walrus

If you are a survivor of sexual assault, you can call the National Sexual Assault Hotline (1-800-656-4673) or visit its website to receive confidential support.

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